Mule Deer

Feb. 9th, 2023 01:18 pm
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Mule Deer Information & Facts | Odocoileus Hemionus - World Deer

Named for their large, mule-like ears, Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) are indigenous to western North America and can be grouped into two subspecies of black-tailed deer.

Mule Deer are related to White Tailed Deer, a more widely distributed species native to North America, with key differences in range, ear shape, tail color, and antler configuration.

On this page we’ll share key details and information about Odocoileus hemionus so you can get to know the unique characteristics of Mule Deer.

What Size are Mule Deer?

  • Head & Body Length – 100 to 190 cm
  • Shoulder Height – 90 to 105 cm
  • Tail Length – 10 to 25 cm
  • Weight – 50 to 215 kg

There are several different species of deer in North America and in the United States, one of which is the mule deer.

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Polar Bears International - Life Cycle

Polar bears are considered adults when they are old enough to mate. For females, this is ages 4-6, for males 6-10.

By the time they reach adulthood, adult males normally weigh 350-600 kg (775-1,300 lb). Adult females usually weigh 150-295 kg (330-650 lb), though some can be larger.

Polar bears live in multiple countries throughout the arctic.  If you'd like to know more about the polar bear range in the United States, you can read the NPS page on polar bears.

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Grizzly Bear​​​

Size and Behavior

  • Males weigh 200–700 pounds, females weigh 200–400 pounds; adults stand about 31⁄2 feet at the shoulder.
  • May live 15–30 years.
  • Grizzly bears are generally 11⁄2 to 2 times larger than black bears of the same sex and age class within the same geographic region, and they have longer, more curved claws.
  • Lifetime home range: male, 800–2,000 square miles, female, 300–550 square miles.
  • Agile; can run up to 40 mph.
  • Can climb trees, but curved claws and weight make this difficult. Can also swim and run up and downhill.
  • Adapted to life in forest and meadows.
  • Food includes rodents, insects, elk calves, cutthroat trout, roots, pine nuts, grasses, and large mammals.
  • Mate in spring, but implantation of embryos is delayed until fall; gives birth in the winter; to 1–3 cubs.
  • Considered super hibernators.

Status

  • Currently listed as a Threatened Species under the Endangered Species Act.
  • Scientists and managers believe the grizzly population is doing well. Grizzlies are raising cubs in nearly all portions of the greater Yellowstone area and dispersing into new habitat. Currently, they occupy 20,522 square miles in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.

Got to admire grizzly bears for being super hibernators.  Sometimes I wish I could hibernate too.  

I'd also like to note they're considered a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act and while the above says 'scientists and managers believe the grizzly population is doing well', that that is only the case if one considers population density in the range discussed and not total population.  Grizzly bears were extirpated in most of their historic range, as shown in the graphic at this link:

https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/historical-and-current-grizzly-bear-range-north-america

I knew they were omnivores, but I didn't know grizzly bears ate grasses before I read this.  Wonder if that means they primarily eat the seeds like we do, or if they can go full grazer.

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American Alligator: Species Profile

The American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) ranges throughout the southeastern United States, and alligators within Everglades National Park exist at the southern extreme of their range. Alligators primarily inhabit freshwater swamps and marshes and can also be found in rivers, lakes, and smaller bodies of water. They can tolerate a reasonable degree of salinity for short periods of time and are occasionally found in brackish water around mangrove swamps even though they lack the salt-secreting glands present in crocodiles. Dens are burrowed out and used for shelter and aestivation when winter temperatures fall or more commonly in the Everglades, when conditions are very dry. Even outside their dens they can tolerate limited periods of freezing conditions. During the winter dry season they modify their habitat by excavating “alligator holes,” which also provide a refuge for other animals during dry periods.

Adult male alligators occasionally reach 13 to 15 feet in length. Maximum length for females is approximately 10 feet. Both sexes tend to be smaller in South Florida. The snout of an alligator is characteristically broad, although the shape can vary slightly among populations and individuals. The bright yellow cross-bands that juvenile alligators sport against a black background provide effective camouflage. The yellow banding fades away as the juveniles mature. Juveniles eat a wide variety of small invertebrates, particularly insects, as well as small fish and frogs. The adult diet typically consists of fish, turtles, small mammals, birds, and reptiles, including small alligators. Feeding activity is governed by water temperature, and foraging ceases if the temperature drops below 68 to 73 degrees Fahrenheit. The color of adult alligators varies with habitat and can be olive, brown, gray, or nearly black, with a creamy underside. Algae-laden waters produce greener skin, while tannic acid from overhanging trees can produce darker skin.

Gators!  These are such fascinating reptiles.  In the United States, you can find them in the southeast.

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Mountain Lions

  • The mountain lion is also known as cougar, panther, or puma.  Body coloration can range from tan to gray and cubs are usually covered with blackish brown spots.
  • Adult males may be more than 8 feet long (from the tip of the nose to the tip of the tail), and can weigh between 130 and 150 pounds. Adult females can be 7 feet long and weigh between 65 and 90 pounds.
  • Generally speaking, mountain lions can be found wherever deer are present. Their usual habitat is steep, rocky canyons or mountainous terrain.
  • Mountain lions can be found in deserts as well as coastal forests, and from sea level to 10,000-foot elevations.
  • An adult male's home range is typically more than 100 square miles and females generally use smaller areas, approximately 20 to 60 square miles

I have an interest in animals that live in North America.  Here's one animal that I find fascinating: the large but stealthy mountain lion.  The link includes information for what to do if you encounter a mountain lion since it's put out by the US forest service.

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